Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan (Azeri community: Azərbaycan) or officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azeri community: Azərbaycan Respublikası Azerbaijan Respolecassi) is one of six countries, a Turkish independent in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the crossroads between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, and is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north and Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. Limits the Nakhichevan enclave of Armenia in the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while limiting short-Turkey borders in the north-west. Surrounded Alusaúd Karki Yukhary Oskabara and Brochdarle and Sofulu Armenia and controlled by war since the Nagorno-Karabakh. The region of Nagorno-Karabakh, the Armenian-majority in the south-west of Azerbaijan declared itself independent from Azerbaijan in 1991, but this independence has not been diplomatically recognized by any state is still considered part of Azerbaijan occupied by the rule of law by Armenian forces. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 158 countries so far and holds membership 38 Dolah.thml Organization observer status in the Non-Aligned Movement and the World Trade Organization and a reporter at the International Telecommunication Union. There are communities of Azerbaijan in 42 countries and there are dozens of centers of ethnic minorities inside Azerbaijan, including (cultural community German "Carl House" and cultural center of Slavic and Azerbaijani society Israeli and Kurdish Cultural Centre and the Association of Talysh International Center Allezgina national "beaver" and Azerbaijani society Tatar community Crimean Tatars etc ...). On May 9, 2006 Azerbaijan was elected to membership of the Human Rights Council, newly created by the General Assembly of the United Nations. The period began mandate of the Council on June 19, 2006 Azerbaijan state with a majority of the Turkish ethnic and religious Shiite. State officially secular and unitary republic with cultural heritage and historic Old. Azerbaijan was the first attempt to establish a democratic republic and secularism in the Muslim world. Azerbaijan is one of the founding members of GUAM and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and joined the Commonwealth of Independent States in September / September 1993 there is a special envoy of the European Commission in the country, which is also a member of the United Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and Council of Europe and the Partnership for peace for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ......

Estonia

Estonia (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a country in the Baltic region of northern Europe. Bounded on the north Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, on the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east of Lake Bebos and the Russian Federation (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea is located in the west of Sweden and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45227 km2 (17462 square miles), and is affected by seasonal climate moderate. The Estonians are people Finnic, and is closely linked is the official language, Estonian, Finnish. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic, divided into 15 provinces. The capital and largest city of the capital Tallinn. With a population of 1290000, and is one of the least developed members in terms of population in the European Union, the euro zone, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Estonia has the highest GDP per capita between the republics of the former Soviet Union. Estonia is listed as a "high-income economy" by the World Bank as "advanced economy" by the International Monetary Fund, in a later member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The United Nations classifies Estonia as a developed country with high human development index too. Also ranked highly in the country for press freedom, economic freedom and political freedom, and education ...
 


 

 


One theory is that the modern name of Estonia originated from Aesti described by the Roman historian Tacitus in his Germania (about 98 m). On the other hand, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Estland, close to the German and Danish, Dutch, Swedish and Norwegian Estland, term of the country. Copy the old Latin in the early and others of the name are Estia and Hestia. Estonia was a common alternative English spelling prior to independence ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina; Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a state located in the southern Balkans, Eastern Europe, one of the republics of the former Yugoslavia. Located in southern Europe. Bounded on the north, west and south of Croatia, Serbia to the east and south-west of the Republic of Montenegro, which are almost locked state does not have a sea coast with the exception of coastline length of 26 km on the Adriatic Sea is located in the middle of the coastal town of Neum. Mountains located in the center and south, and the hills in the north-west north-west of the country, they are flat. Bosnia is one of the huge geographic areas that have a moderate continental climate, where the hot summers and cold winters with heavy snow. Province is located Herzegovina Minor to the south of the republic, the nature and geography of Mediterranean climate ...

 

 

Bosnia is the home to three "key races": Bosniaks, the largest of the three ethnic groups, the Serbs and Croats followed. Regardless of ethnic citizens of the Republic called on behalf of those Bosnians. The difference between the Bosnians and Herskiyn difference is geographical rather than ethnic difference. Then that the country has no centralized political, it comprises two entities Agmana are: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Serb Republic, in addition to the Brcko District as a third entity. Was once part of the former consortium made ​​up of six provinces of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, during the Yugoslav war in the nineties of the last century, Bosnia and Herzegovina gained its independence. And described its existence as a democratic federal republic where moved its economy to the free market system, which is a potential candidate to enter the membership of the European Union and NATO. Furthermore it is a member of the Council of Europe since April 24, 2002 and is a founding member of the Mediterranean Union on incorporation in the July 13, 2008 ....

Denmark

Denmark or Denmark or Denmark (Danish: Danmark) or officially the Kingdom of Denmark (Danish:
Kongeriget Danmark) in addition to Greenland and the Faroe Islands, is one of the Scandinavian countries of northern Europe. Located southwest of Sweden and southern Norway and is bordered to the south of Germany. Denmark also overlooks all of the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland (Jylland) and many islands, most notably the island of Zeeland and the iPhone and Fendcisl T (usually considered a part of Jutland) and Lolland and Bornholm Valstr and as well as hundreds of small islands which are often referred to as the Danish archipelago. Denmark dominated for a long time at the entrance to the Baltic Sea. Before digging the Kiel Canal waterway was to the Baltic Sea via three channels known as the Danish straits ...

Denmark governs parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Denmark has the government at the state and local governments in 98 municipalities. Is a member of the European Union since 1973, although it did not join the euro zone. Denmark is a founding member of NATO and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Denmark is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. In Denmark there is a mixed market capitalist economy and state social services large and classified among the top countries in terms of income level. Denmark has the best business climate in the world according to Forbes magazine. Between 2006-2008 and surveys put the country in the first place as "the happiest place in the world" based on the standards of health and social care and education. Global Peace Index for 2009 put Denmark in second place after New Zealand as the most peaceful countries. In 2009, also ranked Denmark and one of the least corrupt countries in the world according to the Corruption Perceptions Index occupies second place just after New Zealand. [9] The national language is Danish, is closely related to Swedish and Norwegian, and share with the two countries have strong ties cultural and historical. Followed by 82% of Denmark's population and 90.3% of the ethnic national Danish Lutheran Church. As of the 2010 census arrived immigrants and children of immigrants in the country's 548,000 inhabitants (9.9% of the population of Denmark). Most immigrants (54%) of their assets Scandinavian or from somewhere else in Europe, while the rest are mainly from the Middle East and African countries ...



The origin of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unification of the Kingdom of Denmark and the one that attracts the subject of some controversy. Discussion focuses primarily on the prefix "Dan" Dan and whether or refer to Dani historical person named Dan and also about the meaning of Allhakh mark-. Which increases the complexity of the issue and there are references to many of the peoples known as Dani in Scandinavia or elsewhere in Europe in the records of the two cultures of Greek and Romanian (such as Ptolemy and Jordanes and Gregory of Tours), as well as some of the literature of the Middle Ages (such as Adam Albraimna and Biolv and Oidesat and Ida capillary ). Most of the books are derived from the first part of the word and the name of the people from a word meaning "flat land" and linked to German Tenne "threshing floor", English den "cave" or Sanskrit dhánuṣ - धनुस् "desert"). Believes that the subsequent mark- means forest or land border with possible reference to the forests on the border of South Schleswig, maybe similar to Finnmark and Telemark or Ditamarshen. Language in the Old Norse land was called Danmǫrk ....

Tourism in Tunisia

Tunisia tourism is one of the most dynamic economies of Tunisia and a source of foreign exchange for the country areas. Tourism has a ripple effect on other economic sectors, such as transport, communications, craft, trade and construction.

The geographical position of Tunisia in the southern Mediterranean, with 1,300 kilometers of coastline largely sandy, warm Mediterranean climate in summer and mild winter, a rich civilizational heritage (eight sites on the World Heritage Unesco) and especially a low cost holiday, making the country one of the main destinations for European tourists in Africa and the Arab World (fourth most visited country after Egypt, South Africa and Morocco): Tunisia hosted 7,048,999 visitors in 2008.1 It has also set a goal to get closer to ten million tourists by 20142 horizon.

The development of tourism started in the 1960s thanks to the combined action of the state and private groups. Hotel capacity gradually changes from 56,000 beds in 1974 to 123,000 beds 19913. If tourism is reported that two million dinars per year in 1962, with 52 000 entries and an offer of 4,000 beds, it quickly becomes the main foreign exchange earner in the country with 6,549,549 visitors and an offer of 231,838 beds in 2006 (nearly 27% located in four and five star hotels) 4. The sector accounts for at that time 6.5% of GDP and provides 340,000 jobs, including 85,000 direct jobs, or 11.5% of the labor force with a high share of seasonal employment. 

In 2010, tourism contributes 7% to GDP, annually generates between 18 and 20% of foreign exchange earnings, covering 56% of the trade deficit and employs 400,000 people.2. In addition, the sector now has a total capacity of more than 241,000 lits2. 

After a disaster due to revolution 2011, the Tunisian tourism sector is showing signs of recovery with a rise of 52.8% in the number of tourists in the first quarter 20125. As we approach the peak season of 2013, a large demonstration people organized on Habib Bourguiba Avenue on June 22, at the initiative of the Tunisian Federation of Travel Agencies and the National Office of Tunisian tourism, which sees thousands of people gather for a celebration with international appeal tourism tunisien6.

In 1974, Tunisia receives some 716,000 visitors, including 207,000 French and 90,000 West Germans against only 88,000 (63,000 Libyans and Algerians 25,000), slightly more than 10% of total3. In 1991, 1.154 million Libyans and 745,000 Algerians are registered, giving a total of 2.058 million against 1.086 million North Africans and Europeans scoring a growing weight of maghrébine3 customers. 

In 2008, it is divided as follows: Libyans (1,776,881 visitors), French (1395255), Algerians (968,499), Germans (521,513), Italy (444,541), British (254,922 ) and Polish (207,531) 1. The leading group but tends to diversify over 2007, mainly to Eastern Europe - with an increase of 39.6% to 14.1% Poles and the Russians - but also to neighboring countries with an increase of 14.4% for Libyans; the Turkish, British, Austrian, Czech and Spanish markets are however stalls importants1. However, the North African customers frequent few hotels preferring system rental homestay: Entries Maghreb customers represented 40.6% of total admissions in 2002 only 6.6% of arrivals in hotels3. 

Domestic tourism is another market weight with 1,251,251 Tunisian tourists for a total of 2.75 million nights in 20067.

Tourism has been a driving force for the development of port infrastructure craft. With around 1300 kilometers of coastline, the Tunisian coastline boasts development potential (about 200 million dinars revenue per year) due to the shortage of places facing the European side of the Mediterranean Sea and its proximity it CI8. In 2009, five marinas for 1500 berths are in use, while several projects are under construction or study: 

Tabarka; 

Bizerte (expected 2011 extension); 

Gammarth (opening in 2012); 

Sidi Bou Said; 

Yasmine Hammamet; 

El Kantaoui; 

Monastir; 

Sfax (planned); 

Houmt Souk (under construction).

Choosing encourage Saharan tourism, initiated in late 1987, had to meet two objectives. On one hand it was to diversify the Tunisian tourism grow by an untapped deposit and launch innovative products designed primarily for the European market. Second, it must allow Saharan regions to find in tourism, a solution to their economic problems while preserving their cultural heritage and naturel9. Saharan four tourist regions can be distinguished: 

Gafsa region and Jerid, with the oasis of Tozeur, Nafta and mountain oasis (Chebika Midès Tamerza), which is the best equipped in hotel infrastructure and houses the largest oasis of Tunisie9; 

Region Nefzaoua with both oasis and Kébili Douz (southeast of Chott el Jerid), Douz being the point of departure for many camel to the big sud9; 

the area of the cave dwellings of Matmata Berber villages surrounding Beni as Zelten Tamezret, Zrawa Toujane and further north, on the road to Medenine; 

the Tataouine region and 65 ksours that surround Tataouine is a starting point for exploring the desert Sahara9. 

Saharan tourism (Douz and Tozeur each year attracting more than 250,000 visitors throughout the year) is growing rapidly reaping the dividends of the most spectacular of sustained investment effort of the Saharan countries.

More recently, medical tourism has emerged and is growing very rapidement10. The number of foreign patients has increased from about 50,000 in 2004 to over 150,000 in 2007 according to the organization with a hundred private clinics within the UTICA; nearly 70% of them are from North Africa and about 12% of Europe11. Former Tourism Minister Ahmed Smaoui says: 

"The Algerians and Libyans affluent seek care here because their countries do not have efficient medical facilities. We also welcome the British tired of having to wait months before they can be operated in their country. Finally, more and more people resort to surgery esthétique12. "

Sector revenues reached 55 million dinars in 2006, an increase of 22.2% over the previous year. The attraction is enhanced by the rate between 40 and 70% lower than those in Europe; they are also exempt from VAT of 6% 11. 

Mass destination, Tunisia yet wants to promote a more upmarket tourism and thus strives to diversify its leisure, eco-tourism with more than eight golf courses and ten thalassotherapy centers. This results in upgrading its hotels, for the four and five star tending to strengthen reaching a third of the 825 hotels in the country in 20064

source  wikimapia